WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/id
| Sub-rujukan | |
|---|---|
| Status | Dalam pengerjaan |
| Origin | Survei Harapan Teknis 2013, 2015, 2022 dan lainnya |
| Focus area | Memudahkan penggunaan kembali rujukan |
| Phabricator | papan proyek |
| Responsible | Tim Keinginan Teknis |
 Beritahu kami pendapat Anda Kami mengundang Anda untuk menguji purwarupa yang terus kami perbarui. Pantau halaman ini atau bergabunglah ke daftar pesan massal ini untuk mempelajari hal-hal baru yang dapat Anda uji coba | |
Pada saat ini, penggunaan kembali referensi yang sama dengan keterangan yang berbeda pada sebuah artikel tidak dapat dilakukan dengan mudah. Para anggota komunitas telah berulang kali meminta solusi MediaWiki yang berfungsi tanpa menggunakan templat dan bekerja berdasarkan cara kerja referensi yang sudah ada, baik untuk teks wiki maupun Visual Editor. » Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang masalah ini
Sebagai bagian dari area fokus "Make re-using references easier", tim Technical Wishes Wikimedia Deutschland menghadirkan sub-rujukan — sebuah fitur pilihan yang memungkinkan Anda untuk menambahkan informasi yang berbeda pada referensi yang sudah ada dengan mudah, tanpa perlu menduplikasi.
Target kami adalah menghadirkan fitur sub-rujukan ke wiki-wiki Wikimedia pada akhir tahun 2024.
Sub-rujukan secara singkat
Untuk mengutip sebuah sumber secara berulang-ulang dengan informasi yang berbeda, Anda memerlukan referensi utama dan sub-rujukan.
- Rujukan utama berisi informasi bibliografi utama.
- Sub-rujukan berisi detailnya: halaman, atau informasi tambahan lainnya yang berbeda untuk setiap kutipan, misalnya bab, ayat, atau catatan.
- Pada bagian referensi, pembaca melihat seluruh sub-rujukan dikelompokkan di bawah rujukan utama mereka. Ini membuat pembaca mudah untuk memahami seberapa sering sebuah sumber dikutip pada artikel tersebut.
- Untuk wikitext, Anda menggunakan atribusi baru untuk sub-rujukan. Nama saat ini untuk atribusi tersebut adalah extends, tapi nama ini mungkin berubah saat fitur ini dirilis. Kami akan mengumpulkan lebih banyak umpan balik tentang nama ini.
- Pada Penyuntingan Visual, kami mengubah dialog rujukan saat ini agar dapat mendukung sub-rujukan.
Keuntungan utama
- Sub-rujukan berdasarkan cara kerja rujukan saat ini.
- Fitur ini bekerja untuk Penyuntingan Visual dan wikitext - membawa kita lebih dekat keseimbangan fitur antara Penyuntingan Visual dan wikitext.
- Solusi ini akan diintegrasikan ke MediaWiki, sehingga tersedia untuk seluruh wiki Wikimedia dan bekerja tanpa solusi berbasis templat.
- Sub-rujukan akan ditampilkan secara baik pada Patinjau Referensi dan munculan referensi pada perangkat bergerak.
- Ini opsional: Anda dapat tetap menggunakan metode lama untuk mengutip. Namun, Anda mungkin menemukan sub-rujukan pada artikel yang ditulis oleh pengguna lain.
- Coba prototipenya! Baca lebih lanjut tentang bagaimana cara mencoba.
- Berikan umpan balik umum di halaman pembicara.
- Pantau halaman ini atau daftar dalam pesan massal berikut untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang hal baru yang dapat Anda coba.
Cara kerja
Dalam wikitext
Solusi wikitext untuk sub-rujukan hampir selesa. Namun, nama dari atribusi mungkin berubah. Solusi yang belum diaplikasikan sebagian besar karena kami tidak ingin pengguna Penyuntingan Visual memiliki pengalaman yang sangat berbeda dengan pengguna wikitext. Dukungan Penyuntingan Visual masih dalam pengembangan.
Anda masih dapat mencoba prototipenya dan beritahu kami pengalaman Anda.
Keuntungan spesifik untuk wikitext
- Solusi ini berdasarkan pada konsep referensi dengan nama yang sudah ada dan dikenal.
- Tidak memerlukan pengetahuan tentang templat.
- Referensi yang hampir duplikat dapat dihapus pada wikitext, membuatnya semakin bersih, kurang berlebihan, dan lebih mudah untuk dibaca.
Langkah-langkah
1) Anda perlu sebuah referensi dengan informasi bibliografi utama, sebagai rujukan utama. Referensi ini memerlukan nama:
<ref name="Miller">E. Miller, ''The Sun''. New York: Academic Press, 2005.</ref>
Referensi ini harus diletakkan pada bagian referensi, atau tempat lain pada artikel yang tidak memerlukan detail lain seperti nomor halaman.
2) Anda membuat sub-rujukan, menggunakan nama rujukan utama dengan atribusi extends. Anda menambahkan detail antara tag <ref>:
<ref extends="Miller">Page 23.</ref>
Akan terlihat seperti ini:
According to scientists, the Sun is pretty big.<ref extends="Miller">Page 23.</ref> In fact, it is very big. Take their word for it.<ref extends="Miller">Page 48.</ref> Don't look directly at the sun!<ref extends="Miller">Page 23.</ref>
==References==
<references>
<ref name="Miller">E. Miller, ''The Sun''. New York: Academic Press, 2005.</ref>
</references>
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Jika Anda ingin merujuk sumber baru menggunakan sub-rujukan di wikitext, Anda hanya perlu memastikan untuk membuat rujukan utama pada bagian referensi.
Namun dalam banyak kasus, Anda mungkin ingin membuat sub-rujukan dengan rujukan yang telah ada pada artikel. Dalam kasus ini
- Ubah rujukan asli menjadi rujukan utama dengan
<ref name>. - Pindahkan rujukan utama ke bagian referensi.
- Buat sub-rujukan di tempat rujukan asli sebelumnya pada artikel.
- Pindahkan detail dari rujukan utama (nomor halaman, dll.) ke sub-rujukan. Pastikan mereka tidak berada pada rujukan utama, jika tidak, detail tersebut akan ditampilkan dua kali.
- Buat lebih banyak sub-rujukan di mana pun yang Anda mau untuk mengutip sumber dengan detail yang berbeda di artikel.
Anda juga dapat menggunakan ulang sub-rujukan tersebut dengan menambahkan nama sub-rujukan:
According to scientists, the Sun is pretty big.<ref extends="Miller" name="Miller, 23">Page 23.</ref> In fact, it is very big. Take their word for it.<ref extends="Miller">Page 48.</ref> Don't look directly at the sun!<ref name="Miller, 23" />
==References==
<references>
<ref name="Miller">E. Miller, ''The Sun''. New York: Academic Press, 2005.</ref>
</references>
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Harap ingat
- Mengubah rujukan menjadi rujukan utama dan sub-rujukan memerlukan sedikit pembersihan; dan rujukan utama biasanya perlu berada pada bagian referensi (seperti deskripsi di atas).
- Anda juga dapat menggunakan sub-rujukan dengan templat kutipan. Kami telah mencoba beberapa yang sering digunakan, tapi templat favorit Anda mungkin memerlukan pembaruan untuk bekerja dengan solusi kami.
- Beberapa gawai/skrip yang berhubungan dengan referensi juga mungkin perlu pembaruan untuk bekerja dengan baik dengan solusi sub-rujukan baru ini.
- Tidak dapat membuat sub-rujukan di dalam sub-rujukan.
- Jika
<ref group>digunakan, rujukan utama dan sub-rujukan perlu berada pada kelompok yang sama.
In Visual Editor (in development)
At this point, we don’t know exactly what the feature for Visual Editor will look like. So far, we have a very minimal solution that is not yet ready to be deployed. In the upcoming weeks, this solution will most likely change.
You can also test the prototype with the current state of the Visual Editor solution. Please keep in mind that it will likely change. We will update this page when new aspects can be tested.
Benefits specific to Visual Editor
- To cite the same source with different details, you no longer have to create a new reference from scratch.
- Sub-references are fully compatible with Visual Editor (as opposed to template-based workarounds): You can create them via the citation dialog and you can edit them from within the references section.
Workflows in the current prototype (likely to change)
Creating a sub-reference
- Creating a sub-reference currently works via the the existing citation dialog.
- In the "re-use" tab, select the reference you want to re-use via the three dots and click "re-use this reference with additional details".
- Enter the details of that sub-reference and click insert.
- The reference popup in Visual Editor shows you that this reference is a sub-reference, and how often it is re-used.
Editing an existing sub-reference
- Click on the footnote marker in the article text to edit a sub-reference.
- You can now change the details of the sub-reference. You are also informed that it is a sub-reference.
- You cannot edit a sub-reference from the reference list yet.
- To edit the main reference, click on it in the references section.
Re-using a sub-reference
- You can re-use a sub-reference using the "re-use" tab in the citation dialog.
Please note
- The existing problem with auto-names for references in Visual Editor also occurs with sub-referencing.
- In Visual Editor, it is currently possible to make a sub-reference of a sub-reference. This is an error and causes an error upon saving. It is not supposed to work later in the actual solution, and does not work in wikitext, either.
- We have yet to work on what happens when you delete a reference that is being re-used.
- The workflow on turning an existing reference in a main and sub-reference has yet to be defined.
- When you create a re-use of a sub-reference in Visual Editor and then switch to wikitext, you will find that the statement in wikitext is
<ref extends="main-reference" name="sub-reference" />. This is a bug and will be fixed as part of T367749. <ref name="sub-reference name"/>currently does not show the Reference Preview for the sub-reference properly in Visual Editor editing mode. You will only see the sub-reference's details in the pop-up and not the information from the main reference. To see the main reference's information in the pop-up as well, you should currently use the syntax<ref extends="main" name="sub-reference name" />.
Test the prototype
We need your feedback to make sure we build the right things. Feedback or questions are always welcome on this project’s talk page.
The prototype is available on beta wiki. Currently, we primarily invite you to test the wikitext solution:
- They might look different (e.g. not use your preferred skin).
- They might offer some new features that are still being tested.
- They only contain some test pages and templates, not your entire wiki’s content, and not all the templates, modules, gadgets etc. you are used to.
- Your regular Wikimedia login doesn’t work on beta wikis. You can either register an account – make sure to use a different password than your regular Wikimedia account – or test the feature without an account, which will lead to the creation of a temporary account (on de-betawiki) – or display your IP address (on en-betawiki).
The problem we are solving
In Wikipedia articles, it is common to reference a source multiple times. But while you can re-use a reference exactly as it is, you currently cannot re-use the same reference with different details (e.g. different page numbers). Your only option is to create a whole new reference or to use workarounds.
Status quo: Re-using references in wikitext and Visual Editor
If you want to re-use a reference in wikitext, you can turn it into a named reference and refer to that name at another point in the article. The named reference can be placed in the article text or in the references section. In Visual Editor you can use the option "re-use" in the citation dialog. In the references section, references with the same name are grouped together.
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Wikitext: <ref name> in the article text -
Wikitext: <ref name> in the references section -
Visual Editor: citation dialog -
Reader's view
Status quo: Re-using references with different details in wikitext
If you want to re-use an existing reference with different details in wikitext, you currently need to copy and paste the existing reference and change the details of the duplicate or create a new (almost identical) reference from scratch. Some projects use workarounds like short citations or template-based solutions like shortened footnotes. In the references section, the original reference and the new one you created are not grouped together.
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Two almost identical references in the wikitext. -
Reader's view: Almost identical references are not grouped together -
Workaround with short citations in wikitext -
Reader's view: workaround with short citations -
Workaround with {{sfn}} in wikitext -
Reader's view: workaround with {{sfn}}
Status quo: Re-using references with different details in Visual Editor
If you want to re-use an existing reference with different details in Visual Editor, neither the option "re-use" in the citation dialog nor the copy-and-paste method will work, because both lead to identical re-uses, and changing details of the re-used/copied reference changes both instances of that reference. Instead you’ll need to create a new (almost identical) reference from scratch. In the references section, the original reference and the new one you created are not grouped together.
References created by template-based workarounds like {{sfn}} cannot be edited from within the references section and don’t appear in the citation re-use tab; but it is possible to edit them manually when locating them in the article text.
workaround with {{sfn}}:
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Reader's view -
The references disappear from the references section when clicking "edit". -
It is not possible to use {{sfn}} references via the "re-use"-dialog. -
References can only be edited when locating the reference in the article text
Problems for readers
Template-based workarounds are not properly displayed in Reference Previews, Reference Tooltips and mobile reference pop-ups.
{{sfn}} workaround with previews for references:
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Reference Previews: The main information is not included in the pop-up. -
Reference Tooltips: The main information is not included in the initial pop-up. -
Reference Tooltips: The main information is shown in another pop-up. -
mobile reference pop-ups: The main information is not included.
Main problems with the status quo
- The experience of Visual Editor and wikitext users is very different.
- Most workarounds for reusing references with different details don’t work properly in Visual Editor.
- Creating lots of almost identical references with different details makes the wikitext longer and potentially harder to read.
- Template-based workarounds are not equally accepted by all communities and thus not globally available.
- Some users try to avoid this issue by putting sources in the bibliography section without using them as references at all, which makes it harder to verify sections of the article.
Recent changes and next steps
Our team has worked on this problem on and off for some time now. Here is an overview of this project’s history, including our research.
Thank you to everyone who participated in tests and interviews and who showed interest, as well as everyone who took the time to comment on our talk pages over the years. It is deeply appreciated. If you have further feedback, please share it on the talk page.
A prototype is available on beta wiki. It covers the wikitext solution and some of the basic features of the Visual Editor solution. You can continuously test the prototype and give feedback.- We have sent out announcements across all wikis to let communities know about this upcoming feature, and have invited them to test and give feedback.
- Our team presented sub-referencing at Wikimania 2024 and discussed with participants. (YouTube)
- Moderated users tests took place across different projects in 2024.
- As of October/November 2024, we are currently exploring possible changes to our wikitext approach, based on the community feedback we've received. We'll reach out to communities soon to get more feedback on possible changes to the sub-referencing feature.
- Pilot wiki deployment is stalled, pending discussions and potential changes to our feature.
- We are planning to deploy the sub-referencing feature to other Wikimedia wikis in 2025.
- We will continue to collect feedback to improve the solution after deployment.
We are aware of other problems in the focus area "reusing references", and we will try to address them along the way. Our focus, however, remains on creating a solution for sub-referencing.
Frequently Asked Questions
How can I find articles that use sub-referencing?
A tracking category called Category:Pages that use extended references is added to any page where sub-referencing is used, allowing you to explore or fix pages using the new feature. The name of this category might change.
Can I use this feature with citation templates/tools?
Yes, you can use sub-referencing with citation templates. We’ve tested the most common citation templates (e.g. cite book or cite web) and don’t expect any issues. But your favorite template might need some updates in order to work with our solution. Some gadgets/scripts related to references might also need an update in order to properly work with the new sub-referencing solution. Because templates, gadgets and scripts are in the hands of the wiki communities, we are unable to adapt them.
Please let us know, on the talk page, if you discover any problems or need some help updating citation templates to make them work with the new feature.
What will the name of the sub-reference attribute be?
We don’t know yet. Currently, the attribute name for creating sub-references in wikitext is extends. We decided on this name some years ago after discussing with communities and stakeholders at the Wikimedia Foundation. However, we have received some feedback that this name might not be the best option. Before we will deploy this feature to the wikis, we want to get more feedback on the attribute name and are planning to put some alternatives up for discussion. We’ll let you know when that happens.
Why did you choose this wikitext syntax?
When we first started working on the wikitext implementation of this feature, we discussed different options. Adding a new tag (e.g. <subref>) was discussed carefully, but we wanted to stick to the existing <ref> approach, to minimize the amount of new syntax users have to learn. Besides, introducing a new tag would require many updates to existing community software (tools, gadgets, bots etc.) for referencing.
One proposal (from 2008) was to specify the subreference’s details within the <ref> tag: <ref page="page 2" name="Miller"> or later <ref detail="page 2" name="Miller"> using the name attribute to refer to the main reference. This is similar to what users know from working with templates like {{cite book}}.
The main issue with this approach is, however, that it causes problems with templates and is very likely to cause errors. Another problem with this syntax is that it does not allow to re-use a sub-reference, because the name attribute has already been used to refer to the main reference and cannot be used a second time.
A way to avoid both these issues is to create a new reference attribute and put the sub-reference’s details in the area between the opening and closing <ref> tags, the same way it is already done for the content of references. This is what our approach does.
Why did it take so long to find a solution?
The Technical Wishes team has worked on this feature on and off for many years. If you want to know more, here’s an overview of the history and complexity of this problem.