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特殊语言代码

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This page is a translated version of the page Special language codes and the translation is 84% complete.

维基媒体wiki的语言可以在每个页面的<html>元素的lang="..."xml:lang="..."属性中找到(或多语言页面中特定子内容的其他元素);它们还用于CSS语言选择器中的样式。这些语言代码通常应该是BCP 47定义的规范语言标记。

在大多数情况下,我们用于项目的子域名对应于语言代码,但仍有一些例外。这通常是出于历史原因,其中有效的ISO 639代码(或已注册和未弃用的BCP 47变体代码)在创建项目时仍然不可用,但也因为某些以前的ISO 639代码已被弃用或删除,因为它们包含了一组现在被认为是不同的语言。

弃用或删除的ISO 639代码在BCP 47中仍然有效(现有代码不会被删除),这些代码通常可能是缺失翻译的后备或允许向上兼容,即使它们不再被推荐用于现代使用和新创建的内容(使用这些代码可能会在维基媒体中产生无法解决的争议,除非使用较新的代码区分不同的翻译)。在某些情况下,ISO 639中的一些早期区别也已被删除,因为它们是人为地临时引入的(有时是出于非中立的政治原因)但没有得到用户的良好支持,并且当它们不必要地使翻译人员的任务复杂化时,或者当他们经常需要使用语言后备或自动音译时(当不同脚本变体的大多数用户之间采用可靠的标准和拼写惯例时),或者因为教育的发展以便更好地相互理解和接受本地使用的多种变体。

不匹配它們的lang属性的子域名

子域名 语言 项目 注释
als Local name: Alemannisch
English name: Alemannic
Language familyGermanic
Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikibooks, Wikiquote 使用gsw,它匹配语言的ISO 639-3代码。
bh Local name: भोजपुरी
English name: Bihari
Language familyIndo-Aryan
Wikipedia
Tracked in Phabricator:
Task T41968 stalled

模糊的遗留代码。使用bho,它与该语言的ISO 639-3代码相匹配。

roa-rup Local name: armãneashti
English name: Aromanian
Language familyItalic
Wikipedia, Wiktionary 使用rup,它匹配语言的ISO 639-3代码。
simple Local name: Simple English
English name: Simple English
Language familyGermanic
Wikipedia, Wiktionary 使用普通英语的en
zh-classical Local name: 文言
English name: Classical Chinese
Language familySinitic
Wikipedia 文言文有ISO 639-3代码lzh
zh-min-nan Local name: 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú
English name: Minnan
Language familySinitic
Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikibooks, Wikiquote, Wikisource 闽南语有ISO 639-3代码nan
zh-yue Local name: 粵語
English name: Cantonese
Language familySinitic
Wikipedia 粤文有ISO 639-3代码yue

杂项:

  • 所有wikimedia.org的子域名

不符合有效的ISO 639语言代码的子域名

子域名 语言 项目 注释
als Local name: Alemannisch
English name: Alemannic
Language familyGermanic
Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikibooks, Wikiquote
Tracked in Phabricator:
Task T6793 stalled

阿勒曼尼语有ISO 639-3代码gsw。ISO 639-3代码als被另外分配给Tosk Albanian

bat-smg Local name: žemaitėška
English name: Samogitian
Language familyBaltic
Wikipedia
Tracked in Phabricator:
Task T27522 stalled

萨莫吉提亚语有ISO 639代码sgs

cbk-zam Local name: Chavacano de Zamboanga
English name: Chavacano de Zamboanga
Language familyPidgin and Creole
Wikipedia
Tracked in Phabricator:
Task T124657 stalled

作为单个语言,Chavacano de Zamboanga没有ISO 639代码。ISO 639-3代码cbk被分配给查瓦卡诺语,这是Chavacano de Zamboanga的超集。

eml Local name: emiliàn e rumagnòl
English name: Emilian-Romagnol
Language familyItalic
Wikipedia
Tracked in Phabricator:
Task T36217 stalled

用于艾米利亚-罗马涅语的ISO 639-3代码eml现已停用,并拆分为egl(艾米利亚语)和rgn(罗马涅语)。

fiu-vro Local name: võro
English name: Võro
Language familyFinno-Permic
Wikipedia
Tracked in Phabricator:
Task T31186 stalled

佛罗语有ISO 639-3代码vro

iu Local name: ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut
English name: Inuktitut
Language familyEskimo-Aleut
Wikipedia ISO 639认为iu/iku不是單個语言,而是包括ikeikt的大语言。MediaWiki同意这一点(參見phabricator),但语言备选设定至ike,叫做ike-cans;添加了ike-latn;没有ikt支持。CLDR认为Cans是正确字母。
ksh Local name: Ripoarisch
English name: Ripuarian
Language familyGermanic
Wikipedia ISO 639-3代码ksh被分配给科隆语,这是利普里安语的子集。
map-bms Local name: Basa Banyumasan
English name: Banyumasan
Language familySunda-Sulawesi
Wikipedia 作为单个语言,Banyumasan没有ISO 639代码。ISO 639-1代码jv/jav被分配给爪哇语,这是Banyumasan的超集。
nds-nl Local name: Nedersaksies
English name: Dutch Low Saxon
Language familyGermanic
Wikipedia 低地德语nds重复。
nrm Local name: Nouormand
English name: Norman
Language familyItalic
Wikipedia
Tracked in Phabricator:
Task T25216 stalled

作为单个语言,诺曼语没有ISO 639代码(然而诺曼语的两种方言——Guernésiais和Jèrriais则分享ISO 639-3代码nrf)。ISO 639-3代码nrm被另外分配给Narom语。ISO 639-3将诺曼语与法语结合在一起,就好像各种北部的法语方言一样。

roa-rup Local name: armãneashti
English name: Aromanian
Language familyItalic
Wikipedia, Wiktionary
Tracked in Phabricator:
Task T17988 stalled

阿罗马尼亚语有ISO 639-3代码rup

roa-tara Local name: tarandíne
English name: Tarantino
Language familyItalic
Wikipedia 作为单个语言,塔伦蒂诺语没有ISO 639代码。ISO 639-3将其与意大利语结合在一起,就好像各种北部的意大利语方言一样。
sh Local name: srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
English name: Serbo-Croatian
Language familySlavic
Wikipedia, Wiktionary
Tracked in Phabricator:
Task T127680 stalled

sh原本是塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语的ISO 639-1代码,但它已不再活跃。然而它仍然是有效的BCP 47语言标签。塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语有ISO 639-3代码hbs。在CLDR别名中,sh映射到sr-Latn

simple Local name: Simple English
English name: Simple English
Language familyGermanic
Wikipedia, Wiktionary
Tracked in Phabricator:
Task T110190 stalled

简单英语没有ISO 639代码,但拥有已注册的IETF子标签simple
However, even if the simple code is valid as a standard subtag for BCP 47, because it is only registered as a generic subtag for language variants for various base languages like en-simple or fr-simple (using the now standard variant subtag is preferable to using multiple subtags including an unregistered private extension, like "en-x-simple"). As a plain tag, "simple" means nothing in BCP 47 or ISO 639 (as it is not a plain language).
Note that under ISO 639 rules, Simple English is a variant or dialect or special orthography of English (so it can be registered as a variant subtag of English, like "formal" or informal" used in German or Dutch), defined as a subset for some limited usage. The IANA database for IETF's BCP 47 already indicates this and BCP 47-aware applications should have no problem to identify the language as being part of normal English, as long as it is properly tagged as "en-simple" and not just "simple".

zh-classical Local name: 文言
English name: Classical Chinese
Language familySinitic
Wikipedia
Tracked in Phabricator:
Task T10217 stalled
Tracked in Phabricator:
Task T30443 stalled

文言文有ISO 639-3代码lzh

zh-min-nan Local name: 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú
English name: Minnan
Language familySinitic
Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikibooks, Wikiquote, Wikisource
Tracked in Phabricator:
Task T10217 stalled
Tracked in Phabricator:
Task T30442 stalled

闽南语有ISO 639-3代码nan

zh-yue Local name: 粵語
English name: Cantonese
Language familySinitic
Wikipedia
Tracked in Phabricator:
Task T10217 stalled
Tracked in Phabricator:
Task T30441 stalled

粤文有ISO 639-3代码yue

杂项:

  • tokipona:已解散的维基百科子域名
  • ru-sib:已故的维基百科子域名,以虚构的“西伯利亚”语言骗局
  • be-x-old:已修复并重定向到be-tarask维基百科子域(请参阅phab:T11823

其他區別

子域名 语言 项目 注释
ms Local name: Bahasa Melayu
English name: Malay
Language familySunda-Sulawesi
Wikipedia, Wikibooks, Wiktionary Malay language used to be "ms", just like Indonesian language is "id", but since the Malay Wikipedia inception, the code "ms" has become the code for macro language (not individual language).

There are many individual languages under "ms"/"msa", including Indonesian ("id"/"ind"), Banjar ("bjn"), Minang ("min"), three living languages with their own Wikimedia projects, as well as Malay (individual language) ("mly"-Deprecated 2008 or "zlm"-Malay or "zsm"-Standard Malay / Malaysian Malay / Malaysian language)

It should be noted that the Malay Wikipedia, Wikibooks, and Wiktionary all predate the change in the language code in 18 February 2008, with the latest one, Malay Wikibooks, created on 24 August 2004.

See also:

ak Local name: ak
English name: Akan
Language familyNiger-Congo
已关闭: Wikipedia, Wikibooks, Wiktionary Akan (ak/aka in ISO 639-3) is a macrolanguage consisting of two separate languages Twi (tw) and Fante (fat). The Akan Wikipedia was closed in April 2023 as redundant to the Twi and Fante Wikipedias. Akan Wikibooks and Wiktionary also existed but were closed in 2007/2008 due to never having any content.
de-formal Local name: Deutsch
English name: German
Language familyGermanic
不用作主机名,但作为伪变体子标签(未注册)包含在translatewiki.net中的某些翻译中(在Meta-Wiki中用于根据他们的偏好直接引用wiki用户时的策略等页面):我们应该使用私有使用扩展
nl-informal Local name: Nederlands
English name: Dutch
Language familyGermanic

Technical language code

The special language code qqx can be used to display the ids of all system messages used on a page.

参见