Help:Interwiki linking on Wikimedia wikis/pt
Ao adicionar um prefixo a outro projeto, o estilo da hiperligação interna ("prefixed internal link style") pode ser utilizado para hiperligar a uma página de outro projeto. É utilizado um sistema de etiquetas de hiperligação abreviadas para referir-se a diferentes projetos, no contexto de hiperligação de um interprojeto, como visto no texto fonte atual. Por exemplo, pt: refere-se à Wikipédia em português. É visto em [[:pt:Apple]], que produz pt:Apple, uma hiperligação para o artigo "Maça" na Wikipédia em português.
This is called interwiki. For each project, an interwiki map (a list of target projects with their prefixes) is specified (example). These target projects need not use MediaWiki and need not even be a wiki.
Associação da Interwiki de e dentro da Wikimedia
[edit]Within Wikimedia, for the purpose of interlanguage links (see below), the project families are Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikiquote, Wikibooks and Wikisource. Thus, this applies for a link like en:, de:, etc., from a Wikipedia to another one, from a Wiktionary to another one, from a Wikiquote to another one, from a Wikibooks to another one or from a Wikisource to another one.
The interlanguage link feature works on Wikimedia Commons and produces links to the Wikipedias. This is not reciprocal, a link from a Wikipedia to Commons is an in-page link.
Títulos do projeto e atalhos
[edit]- Other current Wikimedia prefixes: betawikiversity:, download:, dbdump:, gerrit:, mail:, mailarchive:, outreach:, otrs:, OTRSwiki:, quality:, spcom:, ticket:, tools:, tswiki:, svn:, sulutil: rev:, wmania:, wm2016:, wm2017:.
- See a complete list of current and old but still working prefixes for all Wikimedia wikis at the Wikimedia SiteMatrix.
Some of the long forms don't work as expected within the same project; for example [[meta:]] doesn't work on Meta, while [[metawikipedia:]] does. This depends on the configuration of the wiki and where the names are stored (see also next paragraph). The shortcuts work everywhere. (That is the intention; currently (16-Jan-2007), it does not work on all projects.)
The interwiki map on Meta lists many prefixes, among others, [[wikipedia:]] for the English Wikipedia, working from any Wiki supporting the Meta interwiki map, not only from MediaWiki wikis. Some prefixes work only with a page, for example: wikipediawikipedia: (fails) vs. wikipediawikipedia:Interwikimedia link (works). These prefixes are case insensitive.
The shortcuts are just interwikis with different histories. Wikipedia, Wikiquote etc. point to the English versions and are also included in the standard MediaWiki interwiki table (IIRC); w, q, b, wikt etc. are used like interlanguage wikilinks to link to the sisterproject in the same language (so w:it:b: is equivalent to Wikibooks:it:).
Non-Wikimedia interwiki codes have a limitation, that they can only be used through a link. For example, the entry for "John" on Wiktionary, a Wikimedia project, can be accessed by [[wikt:John]] or http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/wikt:John. However, the latter method does not work for non-Wikimedia wikis. For example, the main page on the Mozilla Wiki can be accessed via [[MozillaWiki:Main Page]], but http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MozillaWiki:Main_Page results in an error. In these cases, Special:Search can be used (http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/MozillaWiki:Main_Page). You can see the Interwiki special page for a list of "forward" and "non-forward" prefixes.
Interwiki links on other sites
[edit]Other MediaWiki installations will support different interwiki prefixes. You may be able use the MediaWiki API to query for a site's available interwiki prefixes. Try replacing the index.php?stuff on the end of an edit or history URL with
api.php?action=query&meta=siteinfo&siprop=interwikimap
Technical
[edit]A project's own namespace prefix cannot be reused as code for an external project. However, the prefix used for a target project may coincide with the prefix for a project namespace, within that project. As a result, to link to a page in that namespace, use the same prefix twice, for example: en:Wikisource:Wikisource:Scriptorium.
For portability across projects, one may want to select a link code that leads to the same target from all projects, for example: MetaWikipedia:wikibooks:Main Page. The "superfluous" "MetaWikipedia:" prevents "wikibooks:" being interpreted as namespace prefix, when the code is used at wikibooks itself, while at Meta the "MetaWikipedia:" is ignored (it is not a namespace prefix and even at Meta itself, it is recognized as code for Meta). The codes above work from all projects; however, the existence detection and the self-link feature do not work on interwiki links.
Prefixes
[edit]Interwiki links can use prefixes for the project and/or for the language. Without the prefix, links are local, for pages in the same project and the same language. If only a language is given, they go to a page in the same (or similar) project for the specified language:
[[:fr:]] fr: [[:os:]] os:
If only the project is specified, they typically go to the language of the source, see above. At most, two prefixes are needed for pages in any existing project and any supported language:
[[s:de:Hauptseite]] s:de:Hauptseite [[b:en:Main page]] b:en:Main page [[n:en:Main page]] n:en:Main page
If the language is different, specifying it before the project can also work. However, this is discouraged, as it may not function as expected on some projects:
[[:de:q:Hauptseite]] de:q:Hauptseite (not recommended) [[:en:n:Main page]] en:n:Main page (not recommended)
More than two prefixes are generally unnecessary, the following examples should work everywhere:
[[m:Help:Help]] m:Help:Help [[w:Interwiki]] w:Interwiki
Two prefixes can have unexpected effects, for example, from Meta, the following links end up on different pages:
[[m:en:About]] m:en:About [[:en:m:About]] en:m:About [[m:About]] m:About
In the first case Meta ignores the m:, because it is local and then, interprets
en: as w:en:, the prefix for the English Wikipedia. In the second case, the leading en: goes to the English Wikipedia, where the following m: goes straight back to Meta.
In other words, multiple prefixes are evaluated left to right by the relevant Wikimedia servers (project and language). For projects without different languages, like Meta (because Meta is
multilingual by itself), language prefixes can be handled as shorthands for w: plus the specified language:
[[:pl:2006]] pl:2006 [[w:pl:2006]] w:pl:2006 [[:pl:w:2006]] pl:w:2006
From Meta, the first two links both arrive at the Polish 2006 page. The third arrives at the English Wikipedia, because that's how the server selected by :pl: interprets the second prefix w:.
For a portable link on that server, it would be a bad idea to use w:, but :pl: does the trick. To test that effect from Meta, the following links should go to the same page:
[[:ja:2006]] ja:2006 [[:ja:ja:2006]] ja:ja:2006
A universal interwiki link, that is, one that works no matter from which Wikimedia wiki, can be written [[m:project:language:page name]] (e.g. m:b:nl:Wiskunde); this routes the parsing of the links via Meta (bug 4285).
Portable links
[edit]In short, if you want the links to always work in the same way, always use [[m:Example]] to link to anything on Meta-Wiki; always use [[w:en:Example]] to link to anything on English Wikipedia; always use [[q:de:Beispiel]] to link to anything on German Wikiquote.
Non-local interwikis
[edit]Technically, an interwiki defined as local is one which always "forwards" to the destination: such interwikis can always be concatenated. The examples above work because all those interwikis are local in all those wikis. Interwikis which are not local in the wiki where they're concatenated or used directly won't work. The following works:
[[MeatBall:AssumeGoodFaith]] MeatBall:AssumeGoodFaith
All these don't ("Bad title" error):
[[w:MeatBall:AssumeGoodFaith]] w:MeatBall:AssumeGoodFaith https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MeatBall:AssumeGoodFaith https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MeatBall:AssumeGoodFaith https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeatBall:AssumeGoodFaith https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeatBall:AssumeGoodFaith
Non-local interwiki links will still work if you type them in the search bar and choose "go".
Wikia
[edit]In Wikia, the prefix is the internal project name for some older wikis. For others, "Wikia:c:" is added in front (e.g. [[Wikia:c:psychology]] or shorter [[w:c:trains:locomotive]]). (The "c" is for "city", a legacy of Wikia's original name Wikicities.)
Note that w: only points to wikia: from other wikis on that same site; on Wikimedia projects, w: is the Wikipedia in the same language as the local wiki.
From Wikimedia projects, use [[wikiasite:psychology]], giving wikiasite:psychology; [[wikia:trains:locomotive]], giving wikia:trains:locomotive; or for the central wikia, centralwikia:About Wikia. Don't confuse this with wikia:c:Community Central and other pages on the Community Central wikia.
Hiperligações entre idiomas
[edit]- For a complete list of current languages and language codes, see: w:List of Wikipedias
For a multilingual family of similar projects, with one project per language, a system for interlanguage linking can be set up, setting $wgInterwikiMagic to true and $wgHideInterlanguageLinks to false. If this project is in a family for which this applies, Help:Interlanguage link demo may demonstrate what is explained below (this depends on whether the same language codes are used).
An interwiki link within the family is treated differently, unless it is on a talk page of any namespace. It appears at one or two edges of the webpage (left in Monobook, top and bottom in Classic).
Thus, an interlanguage link is mainly suitable for linking to the most closely corresponding page in another language. It is not suitable for multiple links of the same other language. See Interlanguage use case for a discussion of common troubles with this system and other possible implementations.
The feature can also be used on an image description page, to link to the same or a similar image in a sister project. Other interwiki links to images require the prefixed colon.
Note that, if a page may be used as a template (even if it is not in the template namespace), it should note its interlanguage links between <noinclude> and </noinclude>. This is the same idea as for categories.
Comparação:
- [[:en:link]] or [[:category:name]] are ordinary links.
- [[m:en:link]] or [[m:category:name]] are interwiki links, see above.
- [[category:name]] without leading colon, adds a category to the page.
- [[en:link]] without leading colon, adds an interlanguage link to the page.
- <noinclude>[[category:name]]</noinclude> limits it to the actual page.
- <noinclude>[[en:link]]</noinclude> also limits it to the actual page.
For projects like Meta, a missing leading colon has no effect, because Meta doesn't support interlanguage links. For Wikipedia and similar projects, it is a major difference. The mutual order of interlanguage links is preserved, but otherwise the positions within the wikitext are immaterial, again the same rule as for categories. Usually they are put at the end. With section editing, they appear in the preview, if they are in the section being edited. A link to the project itself (hence, also a link to the page itself), even if referred to with the project prefix, appears in-page.
Suppose that we have pages de:Zug, en:Train and fr:Train, then we need:
Thus, there is no possibility of simply copying each list, let alone of using a template, as can be done, if different languages share one project with or without separate namespaces. For further information, see:
- m:Template:H-langs:Interwiki linking, used at the bottom of this page on Meta
- wikisource:Template:InterLingvLigoj
- Template:About
In-page interlanguage links
[edit]To make an interlanguage link in-page, prefix a colon (e.g. [[:en:wiki|wiki]]). This can be useful to link to a page in another language, if no local version is available. For example, several templates for conveniently making such links would be:
- w:Template:nli [ talk edit history links ] - [[:nl:{{{1}}}]] (in [[Dutch language|Dutch]])
- w:Template:nlil [ talk edit history links ] - [[{{{1}}}]] ([[:nl:{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}|nl]])
- w:Template:nlii [ talk edit history links ] - ''[[{{{1}}}]]'' ([[:nl:{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}|nl]])
- w:Template:nlis [ talk edit history links ] - ([[:nl:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|nl]])
- w:Template:nlinl [ talk edit history links ] - {{{1}}} ([[:nl:{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}|nl]])
Interlanguage links in the wider sense
[edit]An interlanguage link in the wider sense includes a link to a corresponding page in another language, which, for the software, is a regular link, as opposed to one employing the special interlanguage link feature as described above. This can also be an internal link on a multilingual project, e.g. on Meta:
Possible reasons for using an "interlanguage link" in the page body include:
- control over position
- control over label
- the target contains an anchor
Hiperligações da Interwiki versus hiperligações internas
[edit]Disadvantages of interwiki links:
- The wikitext is less portable across wikis, because wikis do not always have an interwiki prefix for the same sites and even if they do, the prefixes may differ
- There is no feature to find interwiki links, while searching for an external link can be done with Special:Linksearch (if installed). This is due to the fact that, while there is an external links table, there is no such thing for interwiki links. The interwiki table only stores the interwiki prefixes with their targets as function of the parameter, not the instances of the links. Using the general text search, to search for interwiki links, is more work for the server and therefore, it may be slow, not up-to-date or in busy hours, disabled. See also: Finding external links to a page.
- They're misleading because the user has no indication that they're being taken to a different site.
Using templates like Template:h:mlw [ talk edit history links ], the advantages of interwiki links and external links are combined. When a page using this template, which is in this case used for links to the English Wikipedia, is copied to that site, a template with the same name is needed there too. Due to that template, w:Template:h:mlw [ talk edit history links ], which redirects to w:Template:h:ml [ talk edit history links ], the interwiki links are automatically converted to internal links. Hence, they provide existence detection and allow use of "What links here", as well as Linksearch.
Comparação:
- [[imdbtitle:0389790|Bee Movie]] gives Bee Movie
- [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0389790 Bee Movie] gives Bee Movie
- Linksearch works for the latter only
The applicable CSS classes are "extiw" and "external text". The choice may be governed by this, either way, for uniformity or distinction. An interwiki link is easier to type by itself, but if one goes to the webpage anyways, before putting the link, copying the URL is very convenient. When a template is created, e.g. w:Template:Imdb title, the template can be made, such that it uses an interwiki link and a parameter, like "tt0389790" or "0389790", or that it uses an external link and a parameter like one of those or the full url, if that is more convenient.
Hiperligações da Interwiki para a mesma wiki versus hiperligações internas
[edit]Disadvantages of interwiki links to the same wiki, compared to internal links:
- no existence detection
- "What links here" works for internal links only
- The interwiki link prefix for the same wiki should be supported otherwise it creates an invalid internal link.
Advantages of interwiki links to the same wiki, compared to internal links:
- better portability across wikis, provided that the same prefix applies and is not equal to a namespace name
When using templates like Template:h:ml [ talk edit history links ], the advantages of internal links, interwiki links and external links are combined, provided that a template with the same name and adapted content is present on the other site.
Consulte também
[edit]- mw:Help:Interwiki linking
- Wikimedia sister projects
- m:Templates for linking to sister projects
- Wikimedia interwiki map
- Hiperligação da Interwikimedia na Wikipédia
- Wikipedia Interwiki-Link-Checker (dead)
- de:Benutzer:Flacus/Wikipedia Interwiki-Link-Checker/en (with the Interwiki-Link-Checker, you can help to improve the internationalisation of Wikipedia)
- MeatBall:InterWiki