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Summary

Description
English: Comoving worldlines (gray dashed), Lightcone RL (orange), Hubbleradius RH (blue), Eventhorizon RE (violet) & Particlehorizon RP (green) in a phantom dark energy universe (Ωr+Ωm+ΩΛ=1, Ωk=0). Coordinates: comoving distances R=r/a by conformal time η=RP/c (x=R, y=η). The Ω parameters are like in our universe (Ωr=9e-5, Ωm=0.315, ΩΛ=0.685), but under the assumption that the dark energy density decreases with the scale factor (here the equation of state for dark energy is w=-2/3). The big bang is at the bottom of the vertical η axis.. For a w<-1 universe see the Big Rip diagram.
Date
Source Own work, relativity.yukterez.net/o/phantom.html
Author Simon Tyran, Vienna (Yukterez)
Other versions
big crunch universe (Ωr=2, Ωk=-1) proper
big crunch universe (Ωr=2, Ωk=-1) comoving
big crunch universe (Ωr=2, Ωk=-1) conformal
big crunch universe (Ωr=2, Ωk=-1) polar
big crunch universe (Ωm=2, Ωk=-1) proper
big crunch universe (Ωm=2, Ωk=-1) comoving
big crunch universe (Ωm=2, Ωk=-1) conformal
big crunch universe (Ωm=2, Ωk=-1) polar
closed inflationary universe (ΩΛ=2, Ωk=-1) proper
closed inflationary universe (ΩΛ=2, Ωk=-1) comoving
closed inflationary universe (ΩΛ=2, Ωk=-1) conformal
closed inflationary universe (ΩΛ=2, Ωk=-1) polar
flat universe (Ωr=1) proper
flat universe (Ωr=1) comoving
flat universe (Ωr=1) conformal
flat universe (Ωm=1) proper
flat universe (Ωm=1) comoving
flat universe (Ωm=1) conformal
hyperbolic universe (Ωk>0, ΩΛ=0) proper
hyperbolic universe (Ωk>0, ΩΛ=0) comoving
hyperbolic universe (Ωk>0, ΩΛ=0) conformal
phantom energy (w=-2/3) proper
phantom energy (w=-2/3) comoving
phantom energy (w=-2/3) conformal
big rip universe (w=-4/3) proper
big rip universe (w=-4/3) comoving
big rip universe (w=-4/3) conformal
flat universe (Ωr+Ωm+ΩΛ=1) proper
flat universe (Ωr+Ωm+ΩΛ=1) comoving
flat universe (Ωr+Ωm+ΩΛ=1) conformal
milne model (Ωk=1) proper
milne model (Ωk=1) comoving
milne model (Ωk=1) conformal
milne model (Ωk=1) minkowski

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Captions

Spacetime diagram of a phantom energy universe (w=-2/3), proper distances

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24 March 2025

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Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current23:06, 26 March 2025Thumbnail for version as of 23:06, 26 March 20253,840 × 2,312 (182 KB)Yukterezpixel cosmetics
19:09, 24 March 2025Thumbnail for version as of 19:09, 24 March 20253,840 × 2,324 (183 KB)YukterezUploaded own work with UploadWizard

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