Charlotte Gower Chapman (1902-1982), an ethnologist and author of Milocca: A Sicilian Village, was teaching at Lingnan University in China when the United States entered World War II; she was taken prisoner by the Japanese and repatriated in 1942. Chapman then joined the Marine Corps, was assigned to the Office of Strategic Services, and, in 1947, became a Central Intelligence Agency employee, working there until her retirement in 1964. This public relations photograph, distributed by the University of Chicago, where Chapman earned a Ph.D. in anthropology in 1928, was captioned "Miss Charlotte Gower studies Sicilians in their native hills, in Chicago's Little Italy, in agricultural settlements in the south." The book based on her fieldwork had been completed in 1935 but was not published until 1971.